Paper Format

Paper Format

Paper Title (16Bold)

FirstAuthor1, Second Author2 (14)

1(Department, College/University Name, Country Name) (10Italic)

2(Department, College/University Name, Country Name) (10Italic)

Abstract (11Bold): The abstract should summarize the content of the paper. Try to keep the abstract below 200 words.Donotmakereferencesnordisplayequationsintheabstract.Thejournalwillbeprintedfromthesame- sized copies prepared by you. Your manuscript should be printed on A4 paper (21.0cmx29.7cm). It is imperative thatthemarginsandstyledescribedbelowbeadheredtocarefully.Thiswillenableustokeepuniformityinthe final printed copies of the Journal. Please keep in mind that the manuscript you prepare will be photographed and printed as it is received. Readability of copy is of paramount importance. (10 Italic)

Keywords (11Bold): About 3 to 7 keywords in alphabetical order, separated by comma (10Italic)

1. Introduction (11Bold)

The introduction of the paper should explain the nature of the problem, previous work, purpose, and the contribution of the paper. The contents of each section may be provided to understand easily about the paper. (10)

1. Review of Literature (11Bold)

A literature review is not an annotated bibliography in which you summarize briefly each article that you have reviewed. While a summary of the research paper you have read is contained within the literature review, it goes well beyond merely summarizing professional literature. It focuses on a specific topic of interest to you and includes a critical analysis of the relationship among different works, and relating this research to your work. It may be written as a stand-alone paper or to provide a theoretical framework and rationale for a research study (10)

Based on review of literature provide appropriate research gap (10)

1. Aim and Objective of Study (11Bold)

Objectives are subsidiary to aims and:

1. • Are the steps you are going to take to answer your research questions or a specific list of tasks needed to accomplish the goals of the project

   • Emphasize how aims are to be accomplished

   • Must be highly focused and feasible

   • Address the more immediate project outcomes

   • Make accurate use of concepts

   • Must be sensible and precisely described

   • Should read as an 'individual' statement to convey your intentions based on objective you can develop some Hypothesis if it required. (10)

2. Research Methodology (11Bold)

The methods section describes actions to be taken to investigate a research problem and the rationale for the application of specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information applied to understanding the problem, thereby, allowing the reader to critically evaluate study’s overall validity and reliability. The methodology section of a research paper answers two main questions: How was the data collected or generated? And, how was it analyzed? The writing should be direct and precise and always written in the past tense. (10).

1. Data Analysis and Interpretations (11Bold)

Data analysis has two broad approaches − obtaining descriptive features as estimates and performing tests of hypothesis to obtain inference on the data collected. Data can be classified as either numerical or categorical. Numerical or quantitative data can be further classified as discrete or continuous and categorical data can be nominal or ordinal in nature. For example, individual’s height and weight, etc., are continuous. Categorical data are further classified as nominal or ordinal. In nominal, categories have no ordering (e.g., sex: male/female). In ordinal, categories are ordered (e.g., grade: A/B/C/D, rating: high/medium/low). Any measurement of quantitative type or categoriesofaqualityobservedfromindividual’smeasurementsarecalledvariables.Quantitativevariablesas against qualitative categories are those which are usually either measurements or counts in a discrete or continuous form. Continuous variable assumes uninterrupted range of values and on the other hand, counts are positive whole numbers.Quantitativevariablesuchasageisnumericalinformationandmeasuredinyearsormonths.Education and marital status will have non-numeric categories of qualities and whose categories are coded by assigning numerical numbers for the purpose of counting category responses. Data are summarized in the form of tables, graphs or numbers. The tables can be one dimension or two dimensions depending on the type of objective of analysis on a set of observed variables. Data are basically collected on a tool. Data collection tools include questionnaire, schedule or a proforma. Data from a questionnaire can be entered in a computer on an Excel spread sheet, for example, a sun-coded and coded form for further use. Sometimes information on a particular variable may be missing. The missing information may be coded as “9” or “99” instead of leaving cell blank. Excel spread sheet within formation of each individual in a row may be formed as a data file for several individuals data. Such data files can be transferred to or made on statistical software such as SPSS or SAS or STATA or EPI. Statistical packages are widely available for tasks such as one-way tabulation or two-way tabulations. For data summarization, apart from tabular method, the other important methods are graphical and numerical. (10)

Figures and Tables (11Bold)

To ensure high-quality product, diagrams and lettering MUST be either computer-drafted or drawn using India ink. Figure captions appear below the figure, are flush left, and are in lower case letters. When referring to a figure in the body of the text, the abbreviation "Fig." is used. Figures should be numbered in the order they appear in the text. Table captions appear centered above the table in upper and lower case letters. When referring to a table in the text, no abbreviation is used and "Table" is capitalized. (10)

1. Conclusion, Findings and Suggestions (11Bold)

A conclusion section must be included and should indicate clearly the advantages, limitations, and possible applications of the paper. Although a conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions. (10)

References (11Bold)

This heading is not assigned a number.

A reference list must follow APA style of reference

Examples follow:

Journal Papers:

Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P. &Haller, M. (1993).Modelsofreadingaloud: Dual-routeandparallel-distributed approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 589-608.

Books:

Pollan, M. (2006). The omnivore's dilemma. NewYork, NY: Penguin Group.

Dissertation Abstract:

Yoshida, Y.(2001).Essays in urban transportation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62,7741A.

Dissertation, Published:

Lastname, F.N. (Year). Title of dissertation (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Name of database (Accession or Order Number).

Government Document:

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Conference Proceedings:

Schnase, J.L., &Cunnius, E.L. (Eds.). (1995). Proceedings from CSCL '95: The First International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

OnlineWebsite:http://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ501/Hallam/index.html

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